Research Interest

1. Pharmacometrics

• Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling (cyclosporine, clozapine, vancomycin, antituberculosis, etc)
• Model-based design and analysis of clinical trials
• Time to event modelling
• Disease progression modelling (type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, schizophrenia, critically-ill, obesity, renal replacement therapy, etc)

2. Clinical pharmacy & Pharmacotherapy
3. Innovation in Pharmacy Education

Ongoing Research

1. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation of ampicillin/sulbactam among hospitalized patients to determine the personalized optimal dosing against Acinetobacter baumanii infection.
2. Population Pharmacokinetics/ Pharmacodynamics and Time-to-Event Modelling of Rivaroxaban
   in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with and without Heart Failure
3. Population Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Modelling of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Obese Patients and Time-to-event Analysis of Nephrotoxicity using Pharmacometrics Modelling
4. Developing a precision health treatment using THICAPA and palm oil extract tocotrienol (POET) in model organisms to elucidate novel pathways in reversing and attenuating Alzheimer’;s Disease with different genetic backgrounds
5. An insight on the relationship between blood clearance and volume distribution of serum insulin on the blood glucose regulation and progression of blood coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers during acute ischemic stroke
6. Development of time-to-event modelling on the tuberculosis treatment outcome, incorporating the relationship between rifampicin concentration and glucose level among patient with co-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis.
7. Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Saudi Arabia
8. Role of Heart Failure Program (GDMT) in Jordan

1. Pharmacometrics

• Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling (cyclosporine, clozapine, vancomycin, antituberculosis, etc)
• Model-based design and analysis of clinical trials
• Time to event modelling
• Disease progression modelling (type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, schizophrenia, critically-ill, obesity, renal replacement therapy, etc)

2. Clinical pharmacy & Pharmacotherapy
3. Innovation in Pharmacy Education

1. Muda MR, Harun SN, Syed Sulaiman SA, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. Population Pharmacokinetics Analyses of Rifampicin in Adult and Children Populations: A Systematic Review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 1-21. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15298. Epub ahead of print.
2. Marwa Elsaeed Elhefnawy, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi, Sabariah Noor Harun. Predictors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complications over Time: A Literature Review. Journal of Vascular Diseases. 2022, 1(1):13-23.
3. Orwa Albitar, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Baharudin Ibrahim, Nuridah Ahamed, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi. Clozapine and Norclozapine Monitoring in Plasma Following Surfactant Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. Separation Science Plus. 2022, 5:55-64.
4. Orwa Albitar, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Baharudin Ibrahim, Nuridah Ahamed, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi. (Front cover) Clozapine and Norclozapine Monitoring in Plasma Following Surfactant Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. Separation Science Plus. 2022, 5:3-4
5. Albitar O, Harun SN, Fong L Yiew, Mohamed Noor DA, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. A time-dissociated pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics model of cyclosporine among Malaysan renal transplant recipients. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 2022;282-289.
6. Elhefnawy ME, Ghadzi SMS, Noor Harun S. Predictors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complications over Time: A Literature Review. Journal of Vascular Diseases. 2022; 1(1):13-23.
7. Al-Ashwal FY, Sulaiman SAS, Sheikh Ghadzi SM, Kubas MA, Halboup A (2022) Risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases before statin therapy initiation: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians in Yemen. PLoS ONE 17(5): e0269002.
8. Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi, Mohammed Abdullah Kubas & Abdulsalam Halboup. Prevalence and predictors of clinically significant statin–drug interactions among Yemeni patients taking statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, Current Medical Research and Opinion.2022.
9. Mikhael EM, Ong SC, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin in the Treatment of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2022 May:8971900221102119.
10. Kasihmuddin, M. S. M., Jamaludin, S. Z. M., Mansor, M. A., Wahab, H. A., & Ghadzi, S. M. S. Supervised Learning Perspective in Logic Mining. Mathematics. 2022; 10(6), 915.
11. Khaleel MA, Khan AH, Ghadzi SMS, Adnan AS, Abdallah QM. A Standardized Dataset of a Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting System. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Feb 23;10(3):420. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10030420.
12. Khaleel MA, Khan AH, Ghadzi SMS, Alshakhshir S. Curation of an international drug proprietary names dataset. Data Brief. 2022;(40):107701.
13. Albitar O, Harun SN, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. A repeated time-to-positive symptoms improvement among Malaysian patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with clozapine. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1121-1132.
14. Aziz S, Harun SN, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. Pharmacometrics Approaches and its Applications in Diabetes: An Overview. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2021. 13(4): 335-340.
15. Aziz S, Sheikh Ghadzi SM, Syed Sulaiman SA, Md Hanafiah NH. Can newer antidiabetic therapies delay the development of diabetic nephropathy? Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2021. 13(4): 341-349.
16. Elhefnawy ME, Sheikh Ghadzi SM, Tangiisuran B, Zainal H, Looi I, Ibrahim KA, Sidek NN, Loo KW, Yee Lee K, Abdul Aziz Z, Harun SN. Population-based Study Comparing Predictors of Ischemic Stroke Recurrence After Index Ischemic Stroke in Non-elderly Adults with or without Diabetes. Int J Gen Med. 2021 Apr 7;14:1205-1212. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S303641.
17. Chow NK, Harun SN, Wong EJ, Low LL, Sheikh Ghadzi SM, Khan AH. The association between cigarette smoking and efavirenz plasma concentration using the population pharmacokinetic approach. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 19. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14783.

1. Visiting researcher, Uppsala University Sweden
2. Visiting lecturer, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
3. Visiting lecturer, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
4. Visiting lecturer, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
5. National Diabetes Institute (Professional Membership)- 2011- current
6. Swedish Pharmaceutical Society – 2014-2016
7. European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)- 2015
8. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) – 2016-2017
9. Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society – 2017-current
10. Population Approach Group of Malaysia (PAGMAS) (Secretary)-2019-2021.
11. JEPEM-USM Serious Adverse Event Subcommittee (USM), Committee member, 2020-current
12. Population Approach Group of Malaysia (PAGMAS) (Chairperson)-2021-current
13. Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society Education Chapter (Secretary) – 2021-current

Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons)

1. FAR153: Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice
2. FAR242: Endocrine System & Metabolism
3. FAR352: Clinical Pharmacy Practice
4. FAR457: Medication counselling practice
5. FAR453: Applied Therapeutics I
6. FAR462: Community Pharmacy Practice
7. HFE 224: Penghayatan Etika dan Peradaban

Master of Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy)

1. FCP553: Pharmacotherapeutics III
2. FCP558: Clinical Pharmacy Practice

Clerkship (Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) & MPharm (Clinical Pharmacy)

1. FAR352: Outpatient Pharmacy Clerkship (OPD)
2. FAR462: Community Pharmacy
3. FCP561: Medicine 

1. Pharmacometrics
2. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling
3. Time to event modelling
4. Disease progression modelling

1. QUESTIONNAIRE: BARRIERS THAT INFLUENCE THE COMPLIANCE TOWARDS DIET AND EXERCISE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS, LY2020002492, 17/07/2020.
2. NONMEM Model for Rifampicin Pharmacokinetics with the Implementation of M3 Method. LY2021P04569, 2/11/2021.
3. COMMUNICATION CASE STUDY: COUNSELLING A MUTE PATIENT.LY2021P04568, 2/11/2021.

1. Best Oral Presentation Gold Award, 13th MPS-USM Pharmacy Scientific Conference, Malaysian Pharmaceutical Association and Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia , 2017 (International)
2. Bronze Award in the International University Carnival on e-Learning, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2018 (International)
3. Prize: Selected to attend the Global Young Scientific Summit (GYSS) 2019, The Nanyang Technical University (NTU) 2019 (International)
4. Academic Staff Training Fund Award, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2019.
5. Excellent Service Award (Anugerah Perkhidmatan Cemerlang (APC)), USM, 2019.
6. Silver Award in the International University Carnival on e-Learning, Universiti Putra Malaysia (International)
7. Hadiah Sanjungan 2020: Risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 patients.
8. Hadiah Sanjungan 2020: Population Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine: A Systematic Review
9. Hadiah Sajungan 2021: A repeated time-to-positive symptoms improvement among Malaysian patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with clozapine.