Dr. Muhammad Daoud Butt’s research interests centre on health economics, real‑world evidence generation, and outcomes research. He focuses on evaluating the clinical, economic, and patient-reported outcomes of chronic disease therapies and advancing digital health and AI-supported approaches to improve care. His work also explores implementation science and value-based healthcare in low- and middle-income settings.

Ongoing Research

1. Real‑world evaluation of biosynthetic semaglutide in Pakistan (multicentre study).
2. AI‑enabled mHealth applications for diabetes management and digital health adoption in Malaysia.
3. Population‑level impact of SGLT‑2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease management.
4. Health‑related quality of life and patient‑reported outcomes in chronic disease therapies.
5. Economic burden and cost‑effectiveness of diabetes care interventions.

1. Health Economics & Outcomes Research (HEOR)
2. Real‑World Evidence (RWE) & Pharmacoepidemiology
3. Digital Health & Implementation Science

1. Malik, T., Ong, S.C. and Butt, M.D., 2025. Enhancing healthcare access through telehealth: patient-centred insights from Pakistan’s primary care sector. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), p.1597.
2. Aslam, A., Butt, M.D., Javaid, I., Malik, T., Gull, Z., Mahmood, A., Afzal, A., Adnan, A. and Ong, S.C., 2025. Effectiveness of behavioral intervention programs for preventing and managing diabetes in adults: a systematic review of evidence. BMC Public Health, 25(1), p.4052.
3. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Malik, T., Rafiq, A., Ibanga, A.J. and Kalam, M.N., 2025. Empowering Diabetes Care Through Pharmacist-Led Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a Low-Resource Setting. Endocrine Practice.
4. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Rafiq, A., Batool, N., Saifi, R., Yaseen, S., Kaukab, I. and Ramzan, B., 2024. Long-Term clinical efficacy of liraglutide for type 2 diabetes: real-world evidence and outcomes from Pakistan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 17(1), p.2432462.
5. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Rafiq, A., Kalam, M.N., Sajjad, A., Abdullah, M., Malik, T., Yaseen, F. and Babar, Z.U.D., 2024. A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries. Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 17(1), p.2322107.
6. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Rafiq, A., Malik, T., Sajjad, A. and Batool, N., An observational multi-center study on type 2 diabetes treatment prescribing pattern and patient adherence to treatment. Sci Rep. 2023; 13 (1): 23037 [online]
7. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Butt, F.Z., Sajjad, A., Rasool, M.F., Imran, I., Ahmad, T., Alqahtani, F. and Babar, Z.U.D., 2022. Assessment of health-related quality of life, medication adherence, and prevalence of depression in kidney failure patients. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(22), p.15266.
8. Butt, M.D., Ong, S.C., Wahab, M.U., Rasool, M.F., Saleem, F., Hashmi, A., Sajjad, A., Chaudhry, F.A. and Babar, Z.U.D., 2022. Cost of illness analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the findings from a lower-middle income country. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), p.12611.

1. FAM261 Social & Public Health Pharmacy
2. FAR354 Pharmacoinformatics: Theory and Application
3. FEL470 Research Exercise

1. Economic Evaluation & Cost‑Effectiveness Analysis
2. Health Outcomes & Patient‑Reported Outcomes
3. Real‑World Evidence (RWE) & Study Design

1. Member, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR)