Pokok bunga raya (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Malaysia's national flower, has long been used in traditional Malay, Indian (Ayurvedic), and Chinese medicine. The flowers, leaves, and roots are all used for different purposes.
Traditional medicinal uses
Traditionally, bunga raya has been used for:
- Fever – flower or leaf decoctions are taken to help reduce fever.
- Coughs and sore throat – flower preparations are used to soothe the throat.
- High blood pressure – used in some traditional remedies, although evidence is limited.
- Menstrual problems – traditionally used to help regulate menstruation or ease menstrual discomfort.
- Hair and scalp care – crushed flowers and leaves are applied to promote healthy hair and reduce dandruff.
- Wound healing – leaf paste is applied to minor cuts, boils, and skin irritation.
- Inflammation – used to relieve swelling and pain.
- Digestive complaints – sometimes taken for mild stomach discomfort.
Modern research
Laboratory and animal studies suggest that extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis may have:
- Anti-inflammatory properties.
- Antioxidant activity due to flavonoids and other plant compounds.
- Antibacterial effects against some microorganisms.
- Blood sugar-lowering effects in animal studies.
- Cholesterol-lowering effects in experimental models.
- Wound-healing activity by promoting tissue repair.
- Potential liver-protective effects.
Active compounds
The plant contains several bioactive compounds, including:
- Flavonoids
- Anthocyanins (the red pigments in the flowers)
- Tannins
- Saponins
- Phenolic compounds
- Mucilage
The best-supported traditional uses of bunga raya are for:
- Minor skin irritation and wound care
- Hair conditioning and scalp care
- Reducing inflammation
